A place to hold mainly reading notes, and some technical stuff occasionally. 这里主要是一些读书笔记、感悟;还有部分技术相关的内容。
目录[-]
登录认证几乎是所有互联网应用的必备功能,传统的用户名-密码认证方式依然流行,如何避免用户名、密码这类敏感信息在认证过程中被嗅探、破解?
这里将传统的用户名、密码明文传输方式改为采用 RSA
的非对称加密算法密文传输,即使认证请求被网络抓包,只要私钥安全,则认证流程中的用户信息相对安全;
RSA
的密钥对之后,公钥存储在前端或后端(登录时每次请求后端返回公钥)进行加密,私钥存储在后端用于解密;主要涉及三条命令:
# 生成RSA私钥
genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
# 把RSA私钥转换成PKCS8格式
pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt
# 生成RSA公钥
rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
下载安装 OpenSSL
:https://slproweb.com/products/Win32OpenSSL.html
打开 openssl.exe
所在目录,我这里是: D:\Program Files\OpenSSL-Win64\bin
,执行上述三行命令实现 RSA
密钥对生成:
OpenSSL> genrsa -out rsa_private_key.pem 1024
Generating RSA private key, 1024 bit long modulus (2 primes)
.....................................+++++
................+++++
e is 65537 (0x010001)
OpenSSL> pkcs8 -topk8 -inform PEM -in rsa_private_key.pem -outform PEM -nocrypt
-----BEGIN PRIVATE KEY-----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-----END PRIVATE KEY-----
OpenSSL> rsa -in rsa_private_key.pem -pubout -out rsa_public_key.pem
writing RSA key
同样,执行上述三行命令实现 RSA
密钥对生成:
Note:
公钥:MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC/yhacWdmSauP3/NaDNi1/2l9ZZTy+kpRW5OaQcNRErkA1a3APE+IK3axaBGOk9pjUADIrs0Sn2JEtZUMdQvi9B67qjj4RcAy+68aw0FPvIP7awr/g0KDAGyHLXqoMS0K7zGbNTriaytF6RqeAmu1sX7pPB1Mp40PX4VyI1s1k4wIDAQAB
私钥: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
基于 SpringBoot
, SpringSecurity
实现用户认证功能。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId>
</dependency>
注意放行认证接口,否则报错:403。
@Configuration
public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {
@Bean
public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
http.authorizeRequests()
.antMatchers("/auth/login").permitAll()
.anyRequest().authenticated()
.and()
.sessionManagement()
.sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS)
.and()
// turn off csrf, or will be 403 forbidden
.csrf().disable();
}
}
为了集中焦点在本篇的用户名-密码加密传输上,避免引入其他复杂性,这里采用内存型用户信息来演示,关于从数据库中获取用户信息,可参考6-SpringSecurity:数据库存储用户信息。
@Component
public class CustomUserDetailsService implements UserDetailsService {
@Override
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
return User.withUsername("dev").password(new BCryptPasswordEncoder().encode("123")).authorities("p1", "p2").build();
}
}
这里将私钥配置在 applicaiton.yml
中。
@RestController
@RequestMapping("auth")
@Slf4j
public class LoginController {
@Value("${rsa.private_key}")
private String privateKey;
private final AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder;
public LoginController(AuthenticationManagerBuilder authenticationManagerBuilder) {
this.authenticationManagerBuilder = authenticationManagerBuilder;
}
@PostMapping("/login")
public String login(@RequestBody FormUser formUser, HttpServletRequest request) {
log.info("formUser encrypted: {}", formUser);
// 用户信息RSA私钥解密,方法一:自定义工具类:RSAEncrypt
// String username = RSAEncrypt.decrypt(formUser.getUsername(), privateKey);
// String password = RSAEncrypt.decrypt(formUser.getPassword(), privateKey);
// log.info("Userinfo decrypted: {}, {}", username, password);
// 用户信息RSA私钥解密,方法二:使用hutool中的工具类进行解密
RSA rsa = new RSA(privateKey, null);
String username = new String(rsa.decrypt(formUser.getUsername(), KeyType.PrivateKey));
String password = new String(rsa.decrypt(formUser.getPassword(), KeyType.PrivateKey));
log.info("Userinfo decrypted: {}, {}", username, password);
// 核验用户名密码
UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authenticationToken = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(username, password);
Authentication authentication = authenticationManagerBuilder.getObject().authenticate(authenticationToken);
SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication);
log.info("authentication: {}", authentication);
return SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication().getPrincipal().toString();
}
}
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-codec</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-codec</artifactId>
<version>1.12</version>
</dependency>
public class RSAEncrypt {
/**
* RSA公钥加密
* @param str 待加密字符串
* @param publicKey 公钥
* @return 密文
*/
public static String encrypt(String str, String publicKey) {
try {
//base64编码的公钥
byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(publicKey);
RSAPublicKey pubKey = (RSAPublicKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePublic(new X509EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
//RSA加密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, pubKey);
return Base64.encodeBase64String(cipher.doFinal(str.getBytes("UTF-8")));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* RSA私钥解密
* @param str 已加密字符串
* @param privateKey 私钥
* @return 明文
*/
public static String decrypt(String str, String privateKey) {
try {
//64位解码加密后的字符串
byte[] inputByte = Base64.decodeBase64(str.getBytes("UTF-8"));
//base64编码的私钥
byte[] decoded = Base64.decodeBase64(privateKey);
RSAPrivateKey priKey = (RSAPrivateKey) KeyFactory.getInstance("RSA").generatePrivate(new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(decoded));
//RSA解密
Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("RSA");
cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, priKey);
return new String(cipher.doFinal(inputByte));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
}
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutool</groupId>
<artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId>
<version>5.0.6</version>
</dependency>
基于 Vue3.0
, axios
实现极简登录页面。
Note:
Node.js
环境,可使用 nvm
进行 Node.js
的多版本管理;可参考https://heartsuit.blog.csdn.net/article/details/116665356npm install <package>
默认会在依赖安装完成后将其写入package.json
,因此安装依赖的命令都未附加save
参数。$ node -v
v12.16.1
npm install -g @vue/cli
vue --version
vue create hello-world
刚开始的 package.json
依赖是这样:
"dependencies": {
"core-js": "^3.6.5",
"vue": "^3.0.0"
},
npm install axios
此时, package.json
的依赖变为:
"dependencies": {
"axios": "^0.21.1",
"core-js": "^3.6.5",
"vue": "^3.0.0"
},
在需要使用axios的组件中引入 import axios from "axios";
此时, package.json
的依赖变为:
"dependencies": {
"axios": "^0.21.1",
"core-js": "^3.6.5",
"jsencrypt": "^3.2.1",
"vue": "^3.0.0"
},
在需要使用JSEncrypt的组件中引入 import JSEncrypt from "jsencrypt";
<template>
<div>
<span>用户名</span><input type="text" v-model="user.username" />
<span>密码</span><input type="text" v-model="user.password" />
<input type="submit" v-on:click="login" value="登录" />
</div>
</template>
<script>
import { defineComponent } from "vue";
import axios from "axios";
import JSEncrypt from "jsencrypt";
export default defineComponent({
name: "RSADemo",
setup() {},
data() {
return {
user: { username: "dev", password: 123 },
publicKey: `MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQC/yhacWdmSauP3/NaDNi1/2l9Z
ZTy+kpRW5OaQcNRErkA1a3APE+IK3axaBGOk9pjUADIrs0Sn2JEtZUMdQvi9B67q
jj4RcAy+68aw0FPvIP7awr/g0KDAGyHLXqoMS0K7zGbNTriaytF6RqeAmu1sX7pP
B1Mp40PX4VyI1s1k4wIDAQAB`,
};
},
mounted() {
this.login();
},
methods: {
login: function () {
let userinfo = {
username: this.encrypt(this.user.username),
password: this.encrypt(this.user.password),
};
axios.post("http://localhost:8000/auth/login", userinfo).then(
function (res) {
if (res.status == 200) {
console.log(res.data);
} else {
console.error(res);
}
},
function (res) {
console.error(res);
}
);
},
encrypt: function (str) {
let jsEncrypt = new JSEncrypt();
// 设置加密公钥,一般通过后端接口获取,这里写在前端代码中
jsEncrypt.setPublicKey(this.publicKey);
let encrypted = jsEncrypt.encrypt(str.toString());
return encrypted;
},
},
});
</script>
方法一:通过开发环境(生产环境可通过Nginx实现)的代理服务进行请求转发,新建 vue.config.js
文件,内容如下:
module.exports = {
devServer: {
proxy: {
'/api': {
target: 'http://localhost:8000/',
changeOrigin: true,
ws: true,
secure: true,
pathRewrite: {
'^/api': ''
}
}
}
}
};
方法二:因为后端服务是我们自己开发的,所以可以在后端进行CORS配置,允许跨域
@Configuration
public class CorsConfig implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Bean
public WebMvcConfigurer corsConfigurer() {
return new WebMvcConfigurer() {
@Override
public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) {
registry.addMapping("/**").
allowedOriginPatterns("*").
allowedMethods("*").
allowedHeaders("*").
allowCredentials(true).
exposedHeaders(HttpHeaders.SET_COOKIE).maxAge(3600L);
}
};
}
}
当然,除了使用Windows、Linux上的openssl工具生成密钥对之外,我们也可以使用代码来直接生成。
<dependency>
<groupId>org.bouncycastle</groupId>
<artifactId>bcprov-jdk15on</artifactId>
<version>1.64</version>
</dependency>
public class RSAEncrypt {
private static final KeyPair keyPair = genKeyPair() ;
private static org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider bouncyCastleProvider = null;
public static synchronized org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider getInstance() {
if (bouncyCastleProvider == null) {
bouncyCastleProvider = new org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider();
}
return bouncyCastleProvider;
}
/**
* 随机生成密钥对
*/
public static KeyPair genKeyPair() {
try {
// Provider provider =new org.bouncycastle.jce.provider.BouncyCastleProvider();
// Security.addProvider(DEFAULT_PROVIDER);
SecureRandom random = new SecureRandom();
KeyPairGenerator generator = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance("RSA", getInstance());
generator.initialize(1024,random);
return generator.generateKeyPair();
} catch(Exception e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
/**
* 获取公钥字符串(base64字符串)
* @return
*/
public static String generateBase64PublicKey() {
PublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic();
return new String(Base64.encodeBase64(publicKey.getEncoded()));
}
/**
* 获取私钥字符串(base64字符串)
* @return
*/
public static String generateBase64PrivateKey() {
PrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate();
// 得到私钥字符串
return new String(Base64.encodeBase64((privateKey.getEncoded())));
}
...
}
If you have any questions or any bugs are found, please feel free to contact me.
Your comments and suggestions are welcome!